Not holding a position with managerial authority.

Serving in a role without decision-making power.

Referring to positions outside of executive leadership roles.

Having advisory or oversight responsibilities within an organization.

Exercising influence without formal administrative duties.

Non-executive director: A member of a company's board without operational responsibilities.

Non-executive employee: An employee not in a managerial or executive role.

Non-executive chairman: The head of the board with no operational duties.