The degree to which two or more things diverge.

(calculus) the operator which maps a function F=(F1, ... Fn) from a n-dimensional vector space to itself to the function ∑ i = 1 n ∂ F i ∂ x i {\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {\partial F_{i}}{\partial x_{i}}}}

The process in which two or more populations accumulate genetic changes (mutations) through time.